Nobody knows the answers in this chapter. That is the point.
R3 · Open Problems
Every other chapter taught you something the field has settled. This one maps what is still open, and it is strict about which arguments carry evidence and which carry only confidence. You will see the strongest case both ways on scaling, data, reasoning, memory, evaluation, interpretability, energy, alignment and bodies, and the experiment that would close each one. It ends with how to pick a first research question small enough to finish and real enough to matter.
- What Counts as an Open Problem
- Where Does Scaling Stop?
- Running Out of Text
- Do Models Reason?
- Learning After Training
- Evaluation Is Broken
- Can We Ever Read a Model?
- Energy, Chips and Limits
- Alignment as an Open Problem
- Senses and Bodies
- Picking a First Research Project
- Running It Without Fooling Yourself